INDEX
[The index has been included verbatim from the original
book. Although the page numbers have no meaning here, it
was felt the subjects noted are useful as a reference.
The original chapter page numbers are listed below to
facilitate cross-referencing --ratitor]
Acknowledgments vi
Preface vii
1 The "Secret Team" -- the Real Power Structure 2
2 The Nature of Secret Team Activity 22
3 An Overview of the CIA 54
4 From Law to Interpretation 94
5 "Defense" as a National Military Philosophy 121
6 "It Shall Be the Duty of the Agency . . ." 140
7 The Nature of Clandestine Operations 159
8 "The Cover Story" Intelligence Agency 180
9 The Coincidence of Crises 201
10 Dulles-Jackson-Correa Report in Action 224
11 The Dulles Era Begins 244
12 Personnel: The Chameleon Game 266
13 Communications: The Web of the World 281
14 Transportation: Anywhere in the World -- Now 294
15 Logistics by Miracle 303
16 Cold War: The Pyrrhic Gambit 314
17 Mission Astray, Soviet Gamesmanship 328
18 Defense, Containment, and Anti-Communism 337
19 The New Doctrine: . . . 355
20 Khrushchev's Challenge: The U-2 Dilemma 371
21 Time of Covert Action: U-2 to Kennedy Inaugural 381
22 Camelot: From the Bay of Pigs to Dallas, Texas 391
23 Five Presidents: "Nightmares We Inherited" 417
App. I: Definition of Special Operations 427
App. II: Powers and Duties of the CIA 428
App. III: Training Under Mutual Sec Prog 442
Bibliography 481
Acheson, Dean, 200
Advisory functions of CIA, 140-47
Aerial reconnaissance, 151-53, 307-308
Africa, CIA bases in, 271
Air America, 174-75, 232, 280, 297-303
Air Defense Command (New York & Colorado), 162, 219-20
intelligence and, 168-69
Air Division (DD/P; CIA), 161-64
Air Force, U.S., 40-41, 72, 145
aerial reconnaissance of, 15254, 307-308
airlift of munitions for CIA by, 90, 161
B-29, 205
B-36 controversy and, 107108
B-52 use of, 67-68, 162
CIA and, 232, 262-63
CIA Indonesia coup and, 140, 324
as a member of intelligence community, 141
P2V-7 aircraft and, 316-19
placed under DOD (1947), 127
Special Air Warfare squadrons of, 77, 138
U-2 affair and, 260-61
Air Laos, 173
Air Operations (CIA), 316-18
Air Resupply and Communications (Air Force; ARC Wings),
161, 165, 221
CIA and, 247, 248, 311, 314
Air warfare, 122-23
Aircraft, use of in CIA coup d'etat, 8748
Airlines of CIA, 271
Air America, 174-75, 232, 280, 297-303
CAT, 232, 299
Alexander, Field Marshal Harold, 304
Algeria, 351
Aliens, illegal, CIA and, 277-78
Alsop, Joseph, 14, 182
Ambassadors, 143, 399-400
CIA activities and, 88-89, 100-101, 118, 166
Military Aid Program and, 145
role in CIA communications of, 285-86
Ambassador's Journal (Galbraith), 100
American Legion, 45
Amory, Bob, 201
Analysis Branch (OSS), 64
Anderson, Jack, 26
Anderson Papers (1971-72), 75-76
Anti-Communism, 2-3
counterinsurgency and, 119
creation of a coordinated central intelligence
agency and 125-27, 202-207
expansion of CIA authority and, 136-38
"peacetime operations" of CIA and, 142-44
in Vietnam, 193
See also Communism; Cold War; Counterinsurgency
Anti-guerrilla warfare support, 87
Appropriations of CIA, 277
Arab-Israeli War (1956), 348
Arango, Aureliano Sanchez, 45
Armed Forces, see Military, the
Armed Forces Staff College 214-15
Armored Forces, 122
Army, U.S., 144
CIA and, 232
CIA Indonesia coup and, 140
counterinsurgency connections with CIA and, 107
as a member of intelligence community, 141
placed under DOD (1947), 127
political-social-economic role of, 15, 87, 355-69, 394
separation of Air Force and, 72
See also Military Assistance Program (MAP);
Special Forces
Artime Buesa, Manuel, 45, 47
Arundel, Arthur, 196
Ashby, W. Ross, 227
Assistant to the Secretary for Special Operations
(Defense Department), 43 405-407
description of, i27_28
Atomic Energy Commission, 141, 202, 226-27
Atomic warfare, 64-65, 123-24
Attorney General, 277
B-17 (bomber), 94-95
B-26 (bomber), 41-42, 48-59, 324, 413
B-29, 205
B-36 (bomber), 107-108
B-47 (bomber), 154
B-52 (bomber), 67-68, 162, 218
Baker, Bobby, 88
Baldwin, Hanson W., 70-71
Bao Dai (Emperor of Vietnam), 58, 60
Barnes, Tracy, 44, 347, 393
Bay of Pigs (Cuba; 1961), 6, 8, 13
aftermath of, 321-22
Board of Inquiry on, 104-14, 396
CIA and, 22-34, 37-52, 103-104
CIA preparations for, 382, 388-70, 392-93
Douglas on, 417-18
Bay of Pigs, The (Johnson), 113
Berlin, 67, 370
Berlin Corridor, 153
Big Minh (Duong Van Minh), 7
Binh Dinh province, 360
Bissell, Richard, 50, 106, 116
as head of IDA, 408
1959 C-118 affair and, 331
U-2 project and, 156, 328, 372, 378
Black cargos, 23
Bohanon, Charles, 196
Border flights, development of U-2, 152-57, 260-61,
314, 318-19, 320
Boston Globe, 26
Braun, Werner von, 349
British Special Operations Executive (SOE), 62
Budget of CIA, 261, 305-306
Bulgaria, 213, 230
Bundy, McGeorge, 14, 35, 120, 131, 197n, 199
Bundy, William, 11, 120, 347, 414
as CIA operative, 110, 134-35, 290
Krulak and, 407
Pentagon Papers memo (1964) of, 199-200
Bureau of the Budget, 63
Burke, Adm. Arleigh, 40, 105, 414
aftermath of Bay of Pigs and, 107, 111
CIA Indonesia coup and, 140-41, 324
Busby, Fred, 98
Byrd, Senator Harry, 273
Byrnes, James F., 72-74, 123, 125, 201, 203
C-46 (transport), 41-42, 48-49, 271, 299, 413
C-47 (transport), 413
C-54 (transport), 22-24, 41, 271, 413
C-97 (transport), 117
C-118 affair (1959), 328-37
C-119 (transport), 232
C-130 (transport), 144-45
Cabell, Gen. Charles P., 50, 157, 161, 164, 181,
198, 332-33
Califano, Joseph, 11, 14
Cam Ranh Bay, 35
Camau (Vietnam), 360
Cambodia, 9, 15, 18, 20, 27, 198
Can American Democracy Survive the Cold War?
(Ransom), 131-32
CARE, 54
Carter, General Marshall, 213
Castro, Fidel, 30, 351, 388-89
CAT Airlines, 232, 299
Center for International Studies (MIT), 339
Central Intelligence Agency Act (1949), 187, 275
personnel and funding and, 274, 275-78, 383
quoted, 436-38
Central Intelligence Group, 65, 98
Century series planes, 154
Chancellor, John, 423
Chiang Kai-shek, 175, 299
Chief of Naval Operations, 112
Chief White House adviser on foreign affairs, 3
China, CIA flights over, 95, 328
Churchill, Winston, 55, 73-74, 125, 201
"CIA and Decision Making" (Cooper), 190
Civic Action teams of Vietnamese government, 361
Civil Affairs and Military Government Command
(CAMG), 215, 217, 357
Civil Affairs School (Fort Gordon, Ga.), 357-60, 362-63,
385
Clandestine Intelligence, 57
Clandestine Operations, 57
nature of CIA, 159-79
Clauswitz, Gen. Karl von, 218
Clifford, Clark, 340-42, 347, 384
Cline, Ray, 201
Coast Guard patrol ships, 413
Cold War, 218-19
CIA peacetime operations and, 142-44
CIA use of P2V-7 aircraft and, 314-20
Indonesia (1958) and, 323-38
origins of, 74-76
theory of, 320-23
See also Anti-communism; Communism
Collection Intelligence, 139, 148
Commander in Chief Pacific Armed Forces (CINCPAC),
174, 297, 388
Commissioner of Immigration, 277
Common concern, services of, 158
Communications networks of CIA, 14, 88-89, 261, 281-94
ambassadors in, 285-86
Communism
Civil Affairs School class on techniques of Aggression
on, 358-60
Cold War and, 321-23
containment policy and, 337-55
as excuse for CIA counterinsurgency activities, 90-91,
93-94, 230
post-war responses to, 72-76, 124-27
See also Anti-Communism; Cold War; Soviet Union
"Communist Techniques of Aggression" (Civil Affairs
School), 358-60
Comptrollership of CIA, 261
Computers, 224
Conein, Lucien, 196
Congo, 67, 100, 102, 117, 388
Constellation (aircraft), 271
Containment policy, 337-55, 384
Continental Air Command, 219
Cooper, Chester L., 190, 195-96, 198-201
Coordination of Intelligence by CIA, 147-48
Coordinator of Information (COI), 54-55, 128
Cordona, Jose Miro, 45, 48
Correa, Mathias F., 147, 181, 200, 208
Correlation of intelligence by CIA, 148-55
Council on Foreign Relations, 190, 195, 197n
Counterinsurgency of CIA, 87-94, 107
communism as excuse for, 90-91, 93-94, 230
theories advanced under Kennedy of, 104-21, 136-38,
396-99
Coup d'etat, 13, 104
of Diem (1963), 4-6, 7
example of CIA procedures for. 76-94
in Guatemala, 41
"Cover," 279-80, 393
Covert operation, 57
Craft of Intelligence, The (Dulles), 17-18, 61, 373
collection described in, 139
concept of intelligence in, 66
whitewash of CIA by, 180, 182-85, 187-89
Craig, Gen. William H., 407
Cuba, 6, 54, 102, 369-70
Eisenhower's curtailing of CIA flights and, 381-82
See also Bay of Pigs
"Cult of the gun," 2
Current Intelligence Office (CIA), 234-41, 245, 338
Cybernetics, 224
DC-4 (transport), 24, 41
DC-6 (transport), 271, 300
DC-7 (transport), 271
Dalai Lama, 13, 351
Dayan, Moshe, 348-49
Dean, Gen. Fred, 407
Debriefings, 279
Defectors, 216, 277-78
Defense Department (DOD), 10-11, 18
CIA and, 43, 60, 130, 210
CIA funding and, 187
CIA infiltration of, 109, 134, 279
counterinsurgency expansion of, 136
degradation of role of, 67-68
establishment of (1947), 127
Indochina involvement and, 196
NSAM and, 114-15
post-war theory of defense and, 226-28
transportation networks of, 296
Defense Intelligence Agency, 131, 141
rivalry with CIA of, 142
De Gaulle, Charles, 34, 351, 370, 372
Deputy Director of Administration (DD/A; CIA), 27, 231
Dulles abolishes, 245, 261
Deputy Director of Intelligence (DD/I; CIA), 27, 147,
231
Dulles strengthens, 245, 261
Amory, Bob, 201
Cline, Ray, 201
Deputy Director of Plans (DD/P; CIA), 27n, 147, 197,
231, 280, 382
Air Force and, 160-61
Dulles strengthens, 245, 261
White, L. K. ' Red" as, 246
Wisner as, 161, 164
Deputy Director of Support (DD/S; CIA), 27n, 231, 245,
382
logistics and, 246-47
personnel and, 267-68, 280
Dewey, Thomas E., 182, 208-209, 233
Dickerson, Nancy, 423
Diem, Ngo Dinh, 2, 21, 58-60, 174-75, 390, 411
CIA support of, 196
death of, 416
Lansdale and, 269-70, 389
1963 coup and, 4-6, 7, 289
U.S. support of, 192, 194
Dien Bien Phu, 60, 172, 232, 359
Dillon, Douglas, 370
Director of Central Intelligence (DCI), 14, 42, 65,
431-32
agent accessibility to, 285-86 CIA, 27, 58
under CIA Act (1949), 275-78
concept of, 54
as head of intelligence community, 141, 146
National Intelligence Authority and, 122
NSAM # 55 and, 115
NSC and, 133-34, 228, 291-92
under the Office of the President, 63, 69, 98
OPC and, 186, 209
Souers as, 70-71
Displaced person, 216
Dissemination of intelligence by CIA, 148-55
DOD, see Defense Department
Dominican Republic, 289
Domino Theory, 198-99
Donovan, Gen. William J., 2, 54, 130, 232n
as COI, 54-55, 128
Communist "bogey" and, 126, 206-207, 340-42
as Director of OSS, 56, 61-63, 411
National Intelligence Authority and, 65, 69, 70-71
Douglas Aircraft, 300
Douglas, James, 39n, 385-87
Douglas, William O., 417-18, 420
Dulles, Allen Welsh, 29, 60, 212
appointment as DCI by Eisenhower, 233-34
Bay of Pigs and, 40, 45, 48-51, 104
Bay of Pigs aftermath and, 105-13, 396
CIA infiltration of governmental organizations and,
260, 270
Communist "bogey" and, 126
containment policy and, 340-42
Dewey and, 181
J. Foster Dulles and, 163-64
duplicity in CIA involvements and, 58, 192-94
extension of CIA authority and, 99, 129, 136, 138-39,
291, 337-39
funding of CIA and, 274
initial reorganization of CIA by, 244-45, 261
Kennedy and, 389
National Intelligence Authority and, 69, 70-71
news media and, 181
1959 C-118 affair and, 329, 333
1960 election and, 327
NSAM #55 and, 116, 402
NSAM #57 and, 118-19
under Smith, 231
stockpiling by CIA and, 311-12
Taylor and, 408
U-2 affair and, 378
See also Craft of Intelligence (Dulles);
Dulles-Jackson-Correa report (1949)
Dulles-Jackson-Correa report (1949), 147-48, 241
cover agencies and, 306
placing CIA within structure of U.S. government and,
259-60
Smith implementations of, 228-33
Dulles and, 181, 209-11, 241
DuPicq, Colonel (France), 320, 346
DuPuy, Gen. William, 19, 412
Dulles, John Foster, 166, 195, 207, 384
containment policy and, 340-41
death of, 351
Dewey and, 182, 209
A. W. Dulles and, 163-64
1956 Suez crisis and, 348-49
1959 C-118 affair and, 333
as Sec. of State, 233
Vietnam involvement and, 192, 194, 196
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 8, 164, 192
Bay of Pigs and, 38-39, 42, 44-45, 48, 388-90
CIA stockpiling and, 310-11
curtails CIA Hights, 381-82
A. W. Dulles and, 210, 233, 241
events leading up to U-2 affair and effects on 1960
Summit of, 351-55, 369-71
Indonesia investigation by, 326-27
IRBM and, 350
Korea and, 232-33
NSC uses of, 131, 132, 135-36. 291-92
U-2 affair and, 13, 25, 28-29, 197, 371-80
Electronic Intelligence information (ELINT), 152, 166,
292
Ellsberg, Daniel, 26, 189
Cooper and, 198-201
Lansdale and, 61
Pentagon Papers and, 191, 195-96
Erskine, Gen. Graves B., 405406, 413
Establishment of CIA (1947), 10, 98-104
under the law, 431-32
See also National Security Act
Ethiopia, 271, 328
Evaluation of intelligence by CIA, 148-55
Expenditures of CIA, 277
F-80 (jet fighter), 153-54
F-90 (jet fighter), 153-54
F-94 (jet fighter), 154
Fairways Incorporated, 88
Federal Aviation Administration, 109
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 56, 63, 141
CIA and, 268
Filipino Operation Brotherhood, 361
Finished intelligence,' 158
Fitzgerald, Desmond, 347
Flame-out," 155
Flexible response," 384
Florida, 382, 387, 388, 389
Flying Tigers, 299
Foreign Affairs, 190, 192, 194-95, 199-200
Formosa, secret CIA bases on, 94-95
Forrestal, James, 132-33, 208
Forrestal, Mike, 14
Fort Bragg, 363, 385
Fort Gulick (Panama), 43
"Fourth Force," 214
France, 74, 171-74
Frost, Adm. Luther H., 140
Funding of CIA, 186-87, 382-83
Central Intelligence Act (1949) and, 274, 275-78
Galbraith, John Kenneth, 100, 285
Gates, Thomas, 38, 39n, 405
Geneva Conference (1954), 194
Genghis Khan, 303
Gilpatric, Roswell, 39n
Glennan, Keith, 28-29, 377
Gramont, Sanche de, 98
Greece, 34, 35, 102, 230
British evacuate (1947), 202203
CIA involvement in, 213
MAP in, 355
Truman Doctrine and, 125
Green Berets, see Special Forces
Governmental agencies, CIA infiltration of, 109-10,
134, 259-60
as cover, 280
of DOD, 279
of Executive Department, 109
military and, 268-70
Guatemala, 213, 382, 387, 388, 389
CIA base in, 22-23, 26, 29-30 1961
coup in, 13, 40-41
Guerrilla and Resistance Branch (OSS), 62
Hagerty, Jim, 381
Halberstam, David, 237
Hammerskjold, Dag, 2, 382
Heintges, Gen. John A., 173, 407
Helicopter forces, 387
Helicopter use in Vietnam, 411-13
Helio Aircraft Corp., 161
Helio courier (L-28), 159-61, 298-99, 413
Helms, Richard, 106, 161
Herter, Christian, 38-39, 351, 370, 376, 379
Hillenkoetter, Adm. Roscoe H., 214, 220, 229-30
Hider, Adolph, 56
Ho Chi Minh Trail, 68
Hoopes, Townsend, 17
Hoover, J. Edgar, 61-63, 389
Houston, Larry, 382
Huks (Philippines), 34, 90, 93
Human Use of Human Beings, The (Weiner), 97
Hungary, 54
Hussein (King of Jordan), 144-45
Hydrogen bomb, 224, 2a6-a7
"Illegal" aliens, CIA and, 277-78
India, 92, 100
India-China border dispute (1962), 117
India-Pakistani War (1971), 75-76, 100
Indonesia, 21, 34, 102-103, 140-41, 321, 381
CIA airpower and, 275-76
Eisenhower curtails involvement in, 8
1958 CIA involvement in, 323-28
Industry, 2
Information, concept of, 55 56
intelligence and, 158
Institute for Defense Analysis (IDA), 86, 106, 137,
270, 408
Intelligence, information and, 158
Intelligence, U.S. post-war theories of, 65-76
Cold War and, 74-76
Intelligence community, 141
Intelligence functions of CIA
coordination and, 147-48
correlation, evaluation, dissemination and, 148-55
Intelligence operations, 57
Intelligence Review Committee (1948), 208
Intelligence vs. secret operations in CIA, 54-64,
94-97, 98-104
Inter-American Police Academy, 394
Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles (IRBM), 322,
349-50
International Jaycees, 361
Investment houses, 2
Invisible Government, The (Wise and Ross), 21, 30
Iran, 13, 67, 213, 221, 230, 271, 328
MAP in, 355
Italy, 74
Jackson, William H., 147-48, 181-82, 200, 208
Smith and, 231, 233
Jakarta, 140, 324
Japan, 64, 232
JCS, see Joint Chiefs of Staff
Johnson, Haynes, 113
Johnson, Kelly, 154
Johnson, Louis, 132, 186-87, 210, 265
Johnson, Lyndon B., 4, 7, 191
CIA and, 420-21
involvement in Vietnam and, 13, 17, 19, 196, 198-99
NSC and, 179
Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 5, 9, 11, 15, 30
briefing procedure of, 257-58
Burke and, 111-12 CIA
Cuban involvement and, 37-39, 44, 106-107, 110-13, 178
establishment of (1947), 127
IDA and, 106, 137
Indochina involvement and, 193, 414
National Intelligence Authority and, 65, 71
NSAM #55 and, 115, 119, 401-402, 415
nuclear weapons and, 214-15
Pentagon Papers and, 290
Special Operations under, 406
Taylor and, 110-11
See also Special Assistant for Counterinsurgency and
Special Activities; Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D.
Jones, Jesse, 383
Jordan, Kingdom of, 144-46, 271
Junior Officer Training Program (CIA), 268-69
Jupiter missile, 322, 349
Kasavubu, Joseph, 388
Katanga province (Congo; 1962), 117, 388
Keating, Kenneth, 100
Kennan, George F., 201, 340-41
Kennedy, John F., 54, 389-90
advance of CIA counterinsurgency
theories under, 104-21, 136-38, 396-99
Bay of Pigs and, 13, 38-39, 44-46, 378
CIA briefings before 1960 election of, 45-46, 327
Cuba stand of, 389
death of, 2, 416, 417
1963 Diem coup and, 4-7
NSC use of, 132, 136-37, 179, 183-84, 292, 392
history of CIA under, 390-416
Vietnam involvement and, 16, 198, 400-416
See also Cuba
Kennedy, Robert F., 2, 17, 105, 120, 326
Bay of Pigs aftermath and, 116, 396
A. W. Dulles and, 106-107, 113-14, 183-84
Kent, Sherman, 200-201
Khamba tribesmen (Tibet), 294-95
Khanh, Gen. Nguyen, 7
Khrushchev, Nikita, 66, 107, 349
Kennedy and, 397
1960 Summit and, 351-52, 369-71
U-2 affair and, 25, 29, 371-80
King, Col. J. C., 47
King, Martin Luther, 2, 420
Kirkpatrick, Lyman, 128, 129, 179, 180-81, 184
on Current Intelligence Office, 234-40
on Dulles-Jackson-Correa report, 211
on early CIA, 205, 212
Kissinger, Henry, 69, 75-76, 100 131, 197n
"Kitchen Debate" (1959), 351
Knebel, Fletcher, 116
Kong Le, 366
Korea, 21, 355
Korean War (1950-53), 205, 213, 221-22, 228, 230, 232
Krulak, Gen. Victor H., 9, 11-12, 16, 19
as Special Assistant for Counterinsurgency and
Special Activities, 120, 135, 401
Ky, Nguyen Cao, 174, 269, 365
L-28 (Hello "Courier"), 159-61, 298-99, 413
Laird, Melvin, 149-50, 308-309
Lansdale, Gen. Edward, 347, 411, 412, 443
as CIA operative, 134-35, 290, 414
Ellsberg, Pentagon Papers and, 61, 195-96, 197
Krulak and, 407
McNamara and, 11, 197, 199, 406
Magsaysay support by, 107, 288
Vietnam, Diem and, 59-60, 174, 193, 194, 269-70, 389
Laos, 13, 15-16, 18, 21, 67, 382
airlifts to 271
covert raids on, 27
Eisenhower's curtailing of CIA flights and, 8
French discovery of CIA involvement in, 171-74
use of Helio "Courier" in 298-99
McNamara and, 9, 20
Meo tribesmen of, 256, 387, 404
Pathet Lao, 172, 366, 387
Special Forces in, 387
Thailand border patrols and, 269
Leafleting drops of communist countries, 152, 314
Leahy, Adm. William D., 62, 70
Lee, Gen. J. C. H., 304
Legislative Branch Appropriations Act (1933), 187
Lemay, Gen. Curtis, 414
Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman L., 38-40, 111-12, 258, 414
NSAM #55 and #57 and, 119-20, 401-403, 415
succeeded by Taylor in JCS, 350
Lilienthal, David E., 202
Lindbergh, Charles A., 123
Lloyd, Selwyn, 348-49
Loan, Gen. Nguyen Ngoc, 366
Lockheed Corporation, 153-54, 260-61, 316, 373
CIA and, 318-19
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 5, 213
Logistics systems of CIA, 90-92, 161, 246-65, 303-12
Lovett, Robert, 201
M-16 rifle, 263-64, 413
MacArthur, Gen. Douglas, 56, 61-63, 71, 180, 232, 410-11
Macmillan, Harold, 370, 372
McCarthy, Joseph, 126, 229
McCarthyism, 126, 229
McClelland, Gen. Harold, 286
McCone, John, 17, 241, 347
McConnell, Murray, 231
McCord, James, 336
McCormick, Col. Alfred, 71, 122
McElroy, Neil, 333, 350, 405
McGoon, "Earthquake," 298
McGrory, Mary, 410, 415
McNamara, Robert S., 4, 17, 119-20, 198-99, 239, 389,
414
abolishes Defense Special Operations office, 405-406
Bay of Pigs and, 38-39
briefings of, 240, 347
Bundy and, 110, 135
McNamara-Taylor Vietnam report (1963), 5-7, 19, 416
McNamara Vietnam report (1963), 8-15
NSAM #55 and, 402
on "Steps to Change the Trend of the War" (1964),
19-20
McNaughton, John T., 11
Magsaysay, Ramon, 21, 34, 59-60, 84, 90
Lansdale, General and, 107
Malinovsky, Marshal Rodion Y., 371
Manhattan Project, 64
Mansfield, Senator Mike, 6, 248, 407, 410, 415
Marines, 35
Marshall, Gen. George C., 203, 213
Marshall Plan (1947), 74, 203, 344
Massed rapid-fire weapons, 122
Matsu, 351
Medaris, Gen. John B., 107
Meo tribesmen (Laos), 256, 387, 404
Mexico, 22-26
Milbraith, Lester, 195
Military, the, 63, 204-205
CIA and, 18, 175-76, 214-23, 268-70
CIA and under CIA Act (1949), 275-78
CIA use of military bases, 272-75
postwar defensive posture of, 127
See also Air Force, U.S.i Army, U.S.; Navy, U.S.
Military Advisory and Assistance Group (MAAG), 246,
272, 274, 395
CIA and, 356, 358, 361
in Southeast Asia, 6-7
Military Airlift Command (MAC), 274
Military Air Transport Service, 274
Military Assistance Program (MAP), 43, 145, 171, 256,
344, 394
development of, 355-69
P2V-7 aircraft and, 14-15
Military equipment, CIA stockpiling and obtaining,
249-53, 310-11
Minh, Gen. Duong Van "Big," 7
Missile gap," 156-57, 322
Mollet, Guy, 348-49
Montgomery, Field Marshal Bernard Law, 304
Multi-nationals, 176
Munitions manufacture, Vietnam War and, 411-12
Mutual funds, 2, 52
Mutual Security Act (1951), 355
Mutual Security Program, CIA
and, 353, 355-71
article on leadership training under, 445-80
My Lai, 404
Nasser, Gamel Abdul, 348, 351
Nasution, Gen. Abdul Haris, 324-25
Nation building, 394-95
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA),
28-29, 310, 352, 377
National Economy Act (1932), 187, 264-65, 382
"National Intelligence," 158
National Intelligence Authority (1946), 65, 122, 128-29
National Intelligence Estimates (NIE), 190-92, 195-201
National Security Act of 1947, 10, 71
establishment of CIA and, 98-104, 122-39
functions of CIA as prescribed by 140-58
1947 political climate and, 201, 203-204, 224-28
quoted, 427-34, 438-41
See also Central Intelligence Act (1949)
National Security Action Memorandum (NSAM)
#54 (1961) 119
#55 (1961j, 16, 114-16, 119, 120-21, 401, 415
#56 (1961), 119
#57 (1961), 116-19, 121, 401, 402-403, 414-15
National Security Agency (NSA), 2, 141, 281, 286
National Security Council (NSC), 3, 10, 37, 73, 163
CIA circumvention of authority of, 98-100, 102, 108,
128-38, 141, 188-89
CIA functions as prescribed by law and, 141, 147,
148, 158, 175
Diem and, 59
establishment of (1947), 127-28
Kennedy and, 132, 136-37, 179, 183-84
Nixon and, 45, 46
NSC/2 (1948) and, 98-9
NSC/ 10 (1948) and, 26-27, 185-86, 208-209, 231, 310
OCB and, 127-28, 131, 133, 291-92
See also Special Groups (NSC)
National sovereignty, 101-102, 137
Navarre, Gen. Henri, 193
Navy, U. S., 111-12, 127, 140-41, 180, 247-48
intelligence operations of, 56, 61-63, 141
P2V-7 aircraft and, 314-16, 319
SEAL-team, 33, 138
"New National Military Program of Flexible Response"
(Taylor), 362, 369, 380, 384,
News media, 2, 238-39, 240
New York Times The, 4, 10-11, 26, 44, 65, 70
Halberstam transfer and, 237-38
Pentagon Papers of, 58-60
Nhu, Ngo Dinh, 2, 4-5, 7, 60, 198
death of, 416
Nicaragua, 29, 41-42, 92, 102, 388, 389
Nixon, Richard M., 45-46, 191, 196, 370, 378, 419
CIA and, 327
Cuba stand of, 389
Kitchen Debate (1959), 351
Vietnam War and, 421-23
Non-nationals, 176
Norstad, Gen. Lauris, 119
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 168-69, 221,
355
North Vietnam, 27, 35
Norway, 102, 166-69, 221
Nosavan, Gen. Phoumi
NSA, see National Security Agency
NSC, see National Security Council
Nuclear warfare, 64-65, 124, 202, 224-26
CIA, military and effects on
strategy and tactics of, 214-23
O'Donnell, Kenny, 410, 415
Office of Emergency Planning, 127
Office of National Estimates, 191, 193-94
Office of Naval Intelligence, 70
Office of Policy Coordination (OPC; CIA), 186, 209,
231-32
Office of President, see President
Office of Psychological Warfare, 152, 217, 2220
Office of Secretary of Defense, 11, 14, 44
Office of Special Operations, 163, 273
Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 2, 56, 61-63, 180
abolished, 98, 128, 202 CIA and, 268
Okinawa, 232, 382
Operation Brotherhood, 361
Operational procedures of CIA, 76-94
See also Secret operations
Operations Coordinating Board (NSC), 128, 131, 133,
291-92
Kennedy and, 392
OPLAN-34 (Southeast Asia), 27, 35
Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 202
Organization of America States, 48
OSS, see Office of Strategic Services
Oswald, Lee Harvey, 416
P2V-7 aircraft, CIA use of, 314-20, 323, 328
Pacification, 360-61, 366, 395, 405
Pakistan, 92, 100, 102, 221
U-2 affair and, 169
Panama, 29, 41, 382, 387, 388
Paramilitary organizations of CIA, 88
Pathet Lao, 172, 366, 387
Patton, Gen. George S., 304
"Peacetime" operations of CIA, 57, 142-44, 146
Peers, Gen. William R., 19, 412
Pentagon Papers (1971), 4-21, 54, 117, 135, 147, 407
CIA clandestine intelligence vs. intelligence
operations and, 5741
military and CIA in, 269
on overthrow of Diem, 289
use of "sheep-dipped" by, 172-73
whitewash of CIA by, 189, 191-201
Personnel of CIA, 261, 266-80
See also Governmental agencies, CIA infiltration of
Philippines, 93, 232, 355, 382
Magsaysay and, 21, 34, 594Q 84, 90
Phillips, Rufus, 196
"Phone-drop" organizations, 256-57
Photography, aerial, 307-308
Polaris missile, 350
Police wars, 394-95
Political-economic-social role of Army, 15, 87, 355-69,
394
Ponchardier, Adm. Pierre, 348
Pope, Allen, 324-26, 373
Post-war theories of intelligence, 65-76
Cold War and, 74-76
Powers, Francis Gary, 150, 323, 325, 371, 373, 375-76
President, 29, 103, 127, 130
CIA under Office of, 63, 69, 98, 130
Current Intelligence Office and, 234-41
President's Committee to study Training under the
Mutual Security Program (1959), 363-68
President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, 435-36
President's Special Committee on Indochina (1954), 193
Pseudo-military business organizations of CIA, 88
PT boats, 413
Publishing houses, 2
Puerifoy, John, 213, 232n
Puerto Cabezas, 41-42, 49-50
Puerto Rico, 29
Quang Ngai province, 360
Quemoy, 351
Rabom, Adm. William F., Jr., 99100, 193
Radford, Adm. Arthur, 60, 107, 411
Radio networks, use of in coup d'etat, 87
Radio Free Europe, 54
Rand Corporation, 86, 156, 270
Ransom, Harry Howe, 131-32, 136
Real CIA, The (Kirkpatrick), 128, 180-81, 234
Reconnaissance
aerial, 151-58, 307-308
satellite, 150-51, 157, 308-10
Refugees, 216
Research and development by CIA, 261-64
Retirement policies of CIA, 278-79
RF-105 (reconnaissance plane), 473
Richardson, John, 213
Rommel, Field Marshal Erwin, 304
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 54-55, 61, 128
Ross, Thomas B., 21, 30, 38
Rosson, Gen. William, 19, 196, 347, 412
Rostow, Walt, 8n, 35, 197, 200, 389
Roumania, 213, 230
Rusk, Dean, 14, 17, 199, 402
Bundy and, 110, 135
Russell, Senator Richard, 248
Saigon Military Mission (SMM), 194-95
Saltonstall, Senator Leverett, 248
"Salvage," 253-55
Sarit, Marshal Dhanarajta, 174, 269
Satellite reconnaissance, 150-51, 157, 308-10
SEAL-team (Navy), 33, 138
Secret Intelligence, 57
Secret Intelligence Branch (OSS), 64
Secret Intelligence Operations, 57
Secret Operations, 57
intelligence vs. secret operations in CIA, 54-64,
94-97, 98-104
nature of CIA, 34-37, 159-79
Secret War, The (Gramont), 98
Secretary of Defense, 106, 115, 127, 133, 137, 140, 163
OPC and, 186, 209, 231
Special Forces and, 385-86
See also Defense Department
Secretary of Navy, 65, 69
Secretary of State, 65, 69, 115
in NSC, 127, 133
OPC and, 186, 209, 231
peacetime planning powers of, 143-44
See also State Department
Secretary of War, 65, 69
Services of common concern, 158
Sevareid, Eric, 423
"Sheep-dipped," 172-73
Shoup, Gen. David M., 258
Six Crises (Nixon), 45
Smith, Howard K., 423
Smith, Gen. Walter Bedell, 99, 194, 214, 234, 240
as DCI of CIA, 228-33, 241
Snow, C. P., 424
Sorenson, Theodore, 403n
Souers, Adm. Sidney, 70-71, 99, 122
South Vietnam, 21, 93-94, 101
See also Vietnam
Souvanna Phouma (Prince of Laos), 269
Sovereignty, national, 101-102, 137
Soviet Union, 64, 124-25, 127
1959 downing of C-118 by, 328-37
post-war fears of, 125-27
See also Communism; U-2 affair
Special Air Warfare squadrons (Air Force), 77, 138
Special Assistant for Counterinsurgency and Special
Activities (SACSA; JCS), 11, 12, 119-20, 199, 290,
388
CIA and, 410
creation of, 406-407
Krulak and, 135, 401, 407-408
Special Forces (Green Berets), 35, 111, 113-14, 138,
409-10
CIA and, 67, 120, 206, 248, 311, 314, 384-88
Civil Affairs school of, 363, 369
in coup d'etat, 87
development of, 220-21
Special Forces of Vietnam, 60, 198
Special Groups (NSC), 33, 35, 291-92
CIA infiltration of, 134
CI, 119, 137, 409
5412/2, 42, 109, 119, 133-34, 175
Special Operations, 57
Special personnel of CIA, 261
Special Services, 56-57
Spellman, Francis Cardinal, 60, 107, 411
Spy-in-the-Sky orbital laboratories, 308-10
Stalin, Joseph, 56
State Department, 60, 63-64, 71
ambassadors communications and, 285
CIA infiltration of, 109, 134
degradation of role of, 67-68
IDA and, 106, 137
intelligence operations of 122, 141
Military Aid Program and, 145
Stevenson, Adlai, 44, 218, 232, 393
Stilwell, Gen. Richard G., 11, 19, 412, 443
Stimson, Henry L., 55, 68
Stockpiling of military equipment by CIA, 249-50, 310-11
Strategic Air Command (SAC), 162, 219-20
"Subversive insurgency," 138, 364, 384
Suez Crisis (1956), 348-49
Sukarno (President of Indonesia), 140, 323
Sumatra, 140
T-28 (trainer craft), 413
T-33 (trainer craft), 49, 51, 154
Tactical Air Command, 220, 275
Tactics in CIA coup d'etat, 76-94
Taipan, 299
Taiwan, 232, 299-300, 382
Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D., 14, 15-16, 19, 347, 353
aftermath of Bay of Pigs and, 105, 107-11, 113
as Focal Point man for Dulles, 131, 134, 407-409
as head of JCS, 119-20, 410, 414-15
IRBM, 349-50
Kennedy, Vietnam involvement and, 197, 198-99, 408,
411
McNamara-Taylor Vietnam report (1963), 5-7, 19, 416
"New National Program of Flexible Response," 362,
369, 380, 384, 396
Thailand, 15, 213, 269, 299, 328
Thieu, Nguyen Van, 174, 269
Thor missile, 322, 349
Tibet, 21, 34, 54, 67, 102
arming by CIA of, 378-79
Eisenhower curtailing of CIA flights and, 8, 382
escape of Dalai Lama from, 13, 351
Timberlake, Clare H., 100
Tolson, Gen., 395, 412
Tonkin Gulf incident (1963), 20-21, 35
Toynbee, Arnold, 28-29, 37, 54
"Training Under the Mutual Security Program" (1959),
363-68
Transportation networks of CIA, 294-303
Trujillo, Rafael, 2, 34, 289, 353-54
Truman, Harry S
appointment of Smith to CIA of, 228-30
on CIA, 9-10, 37-38, 54, 184-85, 419-20
Dulles-Jackson-Correa report (1947), 147, 182, 207-209
initial post-war policies of, 123-25, 201
National Intelligence Authority and, 65; 69-70
National Security Act (1947) and, 127, 205
NSC uses of, 131-33, 291
OSS and, 98
Truman Doctrine (1947), 125-26, 203, 344
Tshombe, Moshe, 117
"TSS" (CIA research division), 306-10, 314, 317
Turkey, 125, 203, 221, 355
Twining, Gen. Nathan, 414
U-2 affair (1960), 25, 103, 169
development of border flights by CIA and, 152-57,
260-61, 318-19, 320
Eisenhower and, 13, 28-29, 38, 197, 371-80
Eisenhower, 1960 Summit meeting and, 351-55, 369-71
photography techniques of, 307-308
Uncertain Trumpet, The (Taylor), 108, 110, 120, 362,
369, 384
United Nations, 72
Universities, 2
U.S. Air Forces, Europe (USAFE), 162
Vandenberg, Gen. Hoyt S., 220-21, 222
Vanished (Knebel), 116
Varona, Manuel Antonio de, 45
Vice President, 197
Viet Cong, 8
Vietnam, 67, 103, 213
CIA involvement in, 232, 271, 400-16
1945-64 CIA control of, 59-61, 117-18
Pentagon Papers history of U.S. involvement in, 4-21
War Department, 63-64, 127
Warfare, evolution of, 122-23
CIA, military, nuclear weapons and, 214-23
Warren Commission report, 419-20
Washington Post, 26
Weisner, Jerry, 389
Wheeler, Gen. Earle, 119-20, 347, 406
White, Col. L. K., 246
White, Lincoln, 377
White, Gen. Thomas D., 220, 330, 333
"White Star" teams, 173-74
Whitehead, Gen. Ennis C., 219
Whitewash of CIA, 180-201
Wiener, Norbert, 97, 224, 226, 227
on communications, 282
Willkie, Wendell, 56, 123
Wilson, Charles, 350, 405
Windchy, Eugene, 21
Wire tapping, 281
Wise, David, 21, 30, 38
Wisner, Frank, 161, 163, 209, 326-27
World War I, 122-23
World War II, 123
Ydigoras Fuentes, Miguel, 26, 41
Yugoslavia, 213, 230